Sunday, April 24, 2016

AP Language and Composition Current Events Blog for Week of April 25

(This week's blog will be worth thirty points to Ravenclaw.)

Read the following speech from former President Abraham Lincoln:

http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres32.html

After you read, answer the following questions:

1. Describe the author, audience, occasion, and purpose for this particular piece of rhetoric.
2. Describe how Lincoln uses comparison in his speech.
3. Explain how Lincoln effectively or ineffectively uses references to God in his speech.

41 comments:

  1. Will Ernest

    1) The author of this speech is Abraham Lincoln at his second inaugural address to the nation and the people to start bringing the nation back together again after the horror of the Civil War.

    2) He uses comparison then he describes the sides of the war. Neither expected it to last as long as it did or be as atrocious as it was.

    3) He effective references God in the fact that we are not to judge, for God has the final judgment of the people.

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  2. Casey Coggins 1st
    1. The author is a man who has accepted the fact that the outcome of the war was not perfect and continued to work to make his country better. The audience is the group of people who are not satisfied with the result of the war and, thus, do not want to do anything to benefit the society. The occasion is Lincoln’s inauguration speech in 1965, shortly after the tumultuous Civil War that caused much anger and nearly shattered the nation. The purpose of this speech is to encourage Americans who are bitter about the war to accept the things they cannot change, such as God’s will concerning the war’s outcome, and to move past that anger in order to reconstruct the nation to a better place.
    2. In the first two paragraphs Lincoln compares his two-inauguration speeches and the state of the nation then and now in order to point out how much has occurred in that time and offer a basis for his purpose. He also compares the two parties, those for slavery and those against slavery, throughout the speech in order to, first, explain the opposing views of the time and, second, bring them together in his final comparison between the people’s will and God’s will. The comparison of wills allows the audience to see the folly in their own will and cling to God’s will instead.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses references to God in his speech because he does not just blatantly come out and reproach the people, but he makes connections to the audience while referencing (“Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God”) which allows for the audience to feel a closer connection to Lincoln’s message. Also, he makes God’s word and will relevant to the current situation, which causes the audience to have an understanding of their situation and allows them to release their anger in a way that will bring improvement.

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  3. Tag Shaw

    1. The author is a person who has seen and understands the hideous and brutal effects of a war, and he wants to make sure that the war does not go down in vain. The occasion is the Lincoln's second inaugural address to the union, right after the end of the civil war. The audience is a distressed and still divided nation who want to know what is going to happen next after this awful war. The purpose of this piece is to explain to a divided nation about how he is going to reunite them and how God had played neutral in the situation and that he gave the nation war as a punishment.

    2. President Lincoln uses comparison while he is going on his stint about God. Lincoln claims that both the North and the South read the same Bible, and that both pray to the dame God asking for his help in warring against the other. He further describes both the North and the South's attempt to ask for God's help as useless due to the lords neutrality and his bringing of war as a punishment.

    3. Lincoln effectively uses God as a reference in his speech especially when comparing the North and the South. The reference to God creates a sense of both pathos and ethos on his argument when he mentions that both sides prayed to God for his ultimate help in them winning the war. Lincoln mentions that God sent the war as a type of punishment towards the union and how that God is the ultimate judge who, if its his will for this war to continue, that it will continue in a bloody and brutal fashion.

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  4. Drew Gardino

    - Author: Someone who knows the state of the nation.
    Audience: People who don't understand how the war is effecting the nation.
    Occasion: The occasion gives Lincoln the platform to show everyone in the Union and the Confederacy that the Civil War is only tearing the nation a part when it needs to heal.
    Purpose: To try to end the Civil War and to unify the nation.
    - Lincoln uses comparison to show that both the Confederate and the Union have done wrong thing and that both are not perfect and to show that they do not need to settle their differences by fighting but by talking and compromising to unify the nation again.
    - Lincoln effectively uses God in his speech because he states that they have the same God and both pray to him to show people that the War is God's punishment to the nation for having slavery in place and this will scare the nation into thinking that they should unify to stop His punishment.

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  5. Lauren Beatty
    1. The author is someone who strives to end the war and heal the nation. The audience are people who need to be persuaded that the war needs to end for the sake of everyone involved. The occasion for this speech is President Lincoln's second inauguration. The purpose is to explain that the war needs to end and peace needs to be established among all people.
    2. Lincoln uses comparison of the insurgent agents and the Union. He uses the comparison in order to explain how they both believe in the same God, and they both want the same things eventually, but had different ways to achieve those wants.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses biblical references by logically explaining the problem at hand and how God can work in ways to solve it. He explains God is who decides when it ends and how it ends, and the war might be pointless. Lincoln ridicules people who pray to God to win the war, and then says perhaps the war will only be over until there is as much blood shed by free men as there was from slaves.

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  6. Sam Andrus

    1. Author: Abraham Lincoln
    Audience: Fellow-Countrymen who don't understand the justice of the war
    Occasion: Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address
    Purpose: to encourage countrymen to finish the war and understand that the war is bringing divine justice by freeing the slaves.

    2. Lincoln compares the will of God and righteousness to the purpose of the war and the ideals that the north are fighting to protect.

    3. Lincoln effectively alludes to the Bible, appealing to his religious countrymen's sense of ethos, by using direct quotes that explain the divine cause for the war and that the end goal of peace and justice (through the freeing of slaves) is God's will.

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  7. Kailee Post

    1. The author is the President of the United States and an authoritative figure for the audience. The audience is the people, specifically those effected by the Civil War. It was Lincoln's second inaugural address after being elected for a second time and in the middle of the Civil War in America. His purpose was to provide the people with answers as to what the war was about and how it will change America when it was over.
    2. Lincoln compares the time he gave his first inaugural speech four years prior to the time he gives it his second time. He contrasts the difference between how people felt about destroying or saving the Union and accepting versus making the war. He, in a way, unites the audience- including those who do not wish to be united. Lincoln also uses reference to God in his speech by comparing how both sides of this war pray to the same God to almost guilt-trip or as a scare tactic to unite the two opposing forces.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses God in his speech as a scare tactic for his audience. Lincoln utilizes references to God to also lead his audience as the authoritative leader and challenge them. The purpose of it is to unite his audience, which it does as the Civil War ended two months later.

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  8. Gabby Traywick
    1. The author is someone who has authority over the war's events and the audience is those that live in America and have been watching the war take place. The occasion is Lincoln's second inaugural address that is in the middle of the war and the purpose is to speak of sadness for when secessionists had victory in the Civil War.
    2. Lincoln uses comparison in his speech to show how divided the country was and show that that is what led to the Civil War.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses references to God in his speech to show how God can unite the country. He does this by saying, "...pray to the same God," he says everyone should ask for God's assistance and the people could find the right and unite together instead of being divided.

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  9. April McCool

    1. Author- An authoritative figure that grew up with religious influences and who has watched over his nation bloom into violence. Audience- The citizens of both northern and southern states who are still wanting to fight over slavery. Occasion- The ending of the Civil War, Lincoln's second inauguration, and a month writhing his assassination. Purpose- To convince and unite the American citizens that the war has ended and the nation needs to be heal and rebuild.
    2. Former President Lincoln compares the parties of the civil war wanting to either save or destroy the Union. He does this to show that a once united nation can disagree and then divide itself and create war and chaos.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses references of God to convey his message because religion was taken very seriously. He explains that God is unhappy that his creations are hating and battling against one another. He refers to God because he wants the nation to be unified and for the citizens to get along and rebuild their fallen nation.

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  10. Hannah Jackson
    1.) President Lincoln is taking the second Presidential oath office. The author is a leader (the president), the audience is the fellow-Americans, and his purpose is to let both the North and the South get back together after the civil war.
    2.)He compares the Union and the South and shows how they similar. "They both pray to same God and read the same bible" He does this to show that even though they had a civil war; they are still Americans and need to stay together.
    3.)Lincoln uses God effectively in his speech by saying how the North and South are similar because they have the same God. He also says that they will get through this conflict at "God's will."

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  11. Dillon Baker
    1. Author- A man who understands why the war came to be
    Audience- those that are discouraged from the war and its prolongation
    occasion- It was the speech after he received his second term in office
    purpose- To strengthen the hearts of those discouraged to give them hope
    2. He utilizes comparison in order to clarify each sides reasoning behind this seemingly redundant conflict
    3. Lincoln effectively refers to God by stating that both sides, North and South, pray to the same God and read the same Bible yet they pray to God to protect them while they try to kill the other side which is very ironic. He also says that God may have brought this war upon them to show that the end of slavery is near and also as a punishment for beginning slavery at all.

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  12. 1. The author of course is Abraham Lincoln and he is speaking to those who believe that the North and the South are permanent enemies. The purpose is to convince people that just because there was a war, they are still one people, the American people.
    2. Uses comparison to show that regardless of where people live that they are all Americans who have more in common than they realize.
    3. Lincoln's use of references to God are very effective. During the time period, Christianity and religion in general was a major part of Americans' social lives. Generally most would read the Bible on a weekly if not daily basis, therefore God was a very influential and revered part of Americans' lives. Through these allusions, Lincoln creates a strong sense of ethos that was sure to get people thinking on Saturday, March 4th, 1865.
    ~Blake E. Lockridge

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  13. BRIAN PHAM

    1. The author is Abraham Lincoln, an authoritative figure trying to bring a nation back together from the catastrophes of civil war, and to remind his people that the nation's inhabitants are all the same and that they should stay united.

    2. Lincoln uses comparison in his speech by juxtaposing two different sides of the civil war with Lincoln's side trying to avert the war and save the nation while the other side was bringing about an insurgency.

    3. Lincoln effectively references God in his speech to evoke the notion that religion unites the nation and also implies that God is the ultimate authority. This is done by exemplifying the nature of the war with the idea that God could have caused all the turmoil to teach a bitter lesson that wars are never end without some sort of negative result. Lincoln allows for this to sink in to the minds of his people and to give incentive to avert future wars.

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  14. Abby Ingle
    1. Author- A leader addressing a divided nation
    audience- people who refuse to welcome change
    occasion- presidential inauguration
    purpose- to convince Americans to become united
    2. He compares the North to the South to show the two opposing sides how similar they are to each other.
    3. Lincoln affectively uses references to God and Christianity to appeal to ethos in his attempt to unite the North and the South, because the United States, especially the South, had a large Christian population.

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  15. Taylor Burge
    The author of the address is someone who wishes to see a war come to a quick end. The author speaks to people on both sides of the argument in hopes that they will help bring the war to the its end. Lincoln uses comparison throughout his speech by continually opposing the north and the south, those who want a nation to succeed and those who want it to come apart. Lincoln does not use God effectively in his address. All he does is say what God has said and he doesn't explain why God said this or why it helps complete the point he is trying to make to his audience.

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  16. kayla compton
    1. the author is someone who is speaking about the future of the nation and how the past and present has affected it
    the audience are those who have no hope for the future
    the occasion is the presidential inauguration
    the purpose was to address the nation that is not hopeful after the civil war
    2. Lincoln uses comparison to describe how the nation was divided during the war
    3. lincoln ineffectively alludes to god by saying whatever his will is, that will be how we will live. an example of this is when hes talking about how the war will end, if it ends soon it is gods will, but if dows not, it is also gods will.

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  17. 1. Author-A person in a leading position to address a nation dividing.Audience-Those who do not want to accept change. Occasion- Presidential Inauguration. Purpose-To bring the nation back together.
    2. Lincoln demonstrates the how the North and the South how they are alike even though they oppose different things.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses God to persuade the North and the South to come together out of their differences because both the North and the South have a more dominant Christian population.

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  18. Emily Free
    1) Author: Someone who is weary from the Civil War and recognizes why it happened.
    Audience: Those who are questioning why the war took place and when it will end.
    Occasion: Addressing the civil war
    Purpose: To convince others that the war was caused by slavery, and that peace is what is needed.
    2) Lincoln uses Biblical comparisons.
    3) His references to God are effective, because it appeals to the audience's sense of pathos and ethos.

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  19. Brandon Appling
    1. The author is Abraham Lincoln and his audience are the American people who have struggled during the civil war. His purpose is to tell the American people that they have gotten this far in the civil war and that they must beat slavery.
    2. Lincoln compares the north and the souths difference of opinion. He describes the north and souths mutual want to have peace and the norths want to keep the union together and the souths want to separate.
    3. During this time most of the American people believed in God, Lincoln uses God in his speech effectively by saying things about both sides audacity to consider God on their side. Lincoln effectively attempts to make both of the God believing sides feel ashamed in assuming that God is on their side.

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  20. 1. In this particular speech the author is Abraham Lincoln, someone who has authority over the country. In his speech he is talking to the North and South because he is continually using plural pronouns such as " both, us, we, neither, each" to bind the North and south together after the civil war. The purpose is to try to make them come together as a union instead of separate.
    2.Lincoln uses comparison to address the country as a whole and then divide the country into two. He also uses comparison to show the commonality of the North and South to try to unite them.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses references to God as he uses religion to remind his audience--both North and South--of their commonalities and presents the war,and all its suffering,as the will of God, our punishment for slavery. In addition, By associating the cause of the war with God, Lincoln circumvents these bitter feelings of the war and states it is the outcome is God's will.

    Teriana Moore

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  21. mills harrison
    1. The author was a leader who placed their faith in God, the audience is a nation that is hurt by the civil war and longs for a leader and that the citizens are trying to find some stable rock to place their faith upon, the occasion is the second inaugural address just before the oath of office during the civil war, the purpose is of this was to show the nation they have a leader now and they should not just give up on the war but let gods will be done.
    2. Lincoln compares both the north and the south/ Union and confederate as brothers and neighbors killing each other for different causes.
    3. Lincoln effectively uses references to God because this is a nation torn apart by war, but both sides believe in the same God and are praying to the same God for the war to end Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk,"

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  22. Rett Saele
    1. President of the United states Abraham Lincoln, Its his second inaugural speech for presidency a month before he is assassinated, audience is people gathered to hear what the president has to say about ending the war and what the future of the country looks like with him as president again, purpose was to bring the nation together and show that neither said was more right than the other in their side of the war, and that it is time to forgive and mend wounds so the country can become stronger as a whole.

    2. He compares both the union and the confederate states as the same. Each side went to the same God for a different answer that each thought was morally right.

    3. He effectively references God. By quoting scripture and showing how both sides worship the same God it brought the country together when it needed it the most.

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  23. Grace Glasscock
    1. The author is Lincoln giving his second inaugural speech. The purpose is to basically talk about how the war is over and how America evolved in the last four years of his presidency.
    2. He compares the time he gave his speech four years ago and what it's like giving his speech now. He compares America then and now. He compares the confederacy and the union and their prayers for America.
    3. He effectively references God by saying that the result of the war and America is all up to him and that if he wanted to make it last a lot longer he could.

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  24. -Aaron Pugh
    1.
    *audience -The audience are people who have yet to come together after the civil war. The civil war divided the country, which is not the direction Lincoln wants to take.
    *author - the author is Lincoln; he notices that the country is in disarray, and needs to become one to move forward.
    *occasion- the occasion is Lincoln's second inauguration.
    *purpose- The purpose of this speech is to assuage the nation's pains, and bring them together after this hurtful era of self inflicted wounds.
    2. Lincoln uses comparison to paint a picture of how far the country has came in a year. He also compares scriptures to the nation and its actions.
    3. Lincoln effectively references GOD in his speech. He specifically speaks on "Woe unto the world because of offences; for it must needs be that offense comes, but Woe to that man by whom the offense cometh." Our nation is the offender through slavery, and the punishment or "woe" due unto us is the civil war. He shows why slavery was and is wrong, and that he wants the nation to progress as a whole.

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  25. Yasmine Evans

    1. Author- someone who wants this nation to come together again
    Audience- people who wants this nation to be unified
    Occasion- after President Lincoln was assassinated.
    Purpose- to convince the audience that a unified nation is better than a malice filled nation
    2. “wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces” compares to a towel filled with sweat.
    3. He effectively uses God by showing that God puts both the North and South through tests and in the end, God will deliver and that’s why the nations should bind together and unify.

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  26. John McDonough
    The author is a powerful leader whose nation is at war. His audience is a group of people who are fighting a war and are deeply religious. The occasion of this piece is the inauguration of the author as the leader of the audience’s nation and its purpose is to reassure his audience that their fight is just.
    Lincoln uses comparison to relate the tragedy of the civil war to the violent judgements of God three thousand years ago in order to show that God has a plan and that even when they don’t like it God’s judgement is just.
    Lincoln uses references to God to appeal to his audience’s sense of right and wrong by saying that God is on their side and to improve morale because no matter how awful it seems the judgment of the lord is always righteous.

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  27. Jane Frances Armour

    1. The author was someone who understands what the nation is going through. The audience was people who were trying to divide the nation and people who didn't understand what was happening and why it was happening. The occasion was President Lincoln's inaugural address and it gave him an opportunity to discuss what was happening in the nation. The purpose of this piece of rhetoric is to unify the nation.
    2. Lincoln uses comparison by comparing the south to the north and saying how they both did wrong things. He also compares them by saying the north wants to stay unified, but the south wants to be divided.
    3. Lincoln uses references to God effectively in his speech. It is used to create a sense of unity because both sides are praying to the same God. He also says that both sides couldn't be just because they were praying for the opposite things, so this makes the both of the sides feel ashamed because God can only be on one of their sides.

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  28. Demetrius Smith
    P.2

    1. Author - a person who's intentions are to fixation of the nation and its rights Audience - fellow country men Occasion - 2nd appearance to take an oath of the presidential office Purpose - to convince everybody on the topic of equal rights for man in order to heal the nation's wounds
    2) Lincoln uses the common traits of people, such as slaves and the government, for comparison. By comparing what God they believe in, views on war, and their hope, Lincoln shows that they are not all different even if they appear to be so from the outside.
    3.Lincoln effectively uses references to God to creates a focus point and undeniable authority that both sides of the conflict can appeal to. By using biblical allusions about God's authority, sovereignty, and impartial view upon all men as equal to help justify the war and freedom of all men as a mission supported by God. By doing so he implies the message that all who believe in God should believe in the mission he has sponsored and therefore support his cause.

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  29. Cameron Simon
    1)Author-Somebody who sees that fighting ourselves is a punishment of god
    Audience-People who believe that the civil war was a tragedy
    Purpose-To ensure that with the strength of togetherness, we can get through this

    2)He uses comparisons by looking at the North and the South armies saying that they prayed to the same god and read the same Bible.

    3)He effectively uses god in his speech by saying that he assure the same punishment on both the North and the South for slavery

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  30. Julie brown
    Author: Abe Lincoln, a man who believes in equality
    Audience: people who believe that we haven't changed
    Purpose: to bring light on the impending situation and make everyone realize we have changed.
    He compares that day to the past when there were slaves and the people were divided and not whole.
    He uses God correctly because he shows how it links us and unifies us as Gods people.

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  31. Colby Free 3rd
    author- an experienced leader who wants to share wisdom.
    audience- a group who needs a leader to explain why God allowed the civil war to happen
    occasaion- 4 yrs after the 1st inauguration speech.
    purpose- to tell that this was not a "win" that it was really a defeat for our country that we even had to go through this in the first place.

    2- He compares how tough it was for the crowd 4 years ago at the 1st Inauguration speech, compared to how they are now which they are still broken.

    3-He effectively used the reference to Go because he appealed to the audiences sense of emotion. Anytime anyone speaks about God it gets very serious and no one takes it lightly. Lincoln references to God purpose for the trails and tribulations he puts us through. This is effective because they had just been through the Civil War and needed to know that God wasn't doing it out of malice. That they should keep their faith.

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  32. Taryn Dockery

    The author is someone who understands the war and why it is happening and wants it to finish quickly. He is speaking to people that also want the war to be over, as this is his inaugural address, so his supporters are in the audience. The occasion is that he was just elected as president for the second time. The purpose is to rally his supporters to end the war so the union can be whole again. Lincoln compares the north and the south and their motives for war to show that it was not just one group that caused the war. He effectively uses references to God as an appeal to ethos to get people to listen to him, as the majority of people during that time especially in the south were religious.

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  33. Austin Levins

    1) At his 2nd inaugural address , 3 years after the civil war began.Lincoln is speaking as someone who wants what is best for America, and is claiming to serve God's cause in order to convince the people that slavery is not just, and while it may have been necessary in the past, God no longer wills it. This is to convince his nation that there is a just cause for the war, and it is not needless as many believe.
    2)Lincoln uses comparison to show that the North and south are the same in most aspects of society showing that they need to be unified again, and yet showing the north as fighting for the good of all and fighting for a "just" God.
    3) Lincoln ineffectively uses God. He does not quote the bible or give examples from it, he simply makes assumptions of what is believed to be just and claims that is what God would want. He should have given specific examples in order to prove his opinions rather than general statements with no religious basis.

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  34. James Atchison
    1st
    1: The author is Abraham Lincoln, a man leading a wounded, battered nation in the aftermath of a civil war. The audience consists of people who think the United States will continue to be torn after the end of the civil war. The occasion is Lincoln's 2nd inaugural speech. The purpose is to try and unite America going forth.
    2: Lincoln uses comparison to show similarities between both sides who fought against each other in the war. States that both sides prayed to the same God, read the same bible, didn't want war, etc. He does this to try and reestablish a sense of unity.
    3: His allusions to God are effective due to the heavy amount of people who are religious during that time period. Using biblical allusions was the most effective rhetorical device because it resonated with the most people (and the fact biblical scriptures were used in defense of slavery)

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  35. 1.Author- someone who wants unity after the turmoil of the Civil War.
    Audience- people who are unsure of the peace or turmoil that will come with Lincoln's second term.
    Lincoln's second inauguration
    Porpoise- to ensure the American people that Lincoln's second term will come with peace and prosperity.
    Rhetoric- references to God to establish ethos.
    2. Lincoln compares slaves with free men and questions the maxim of slavery with the morals of God.
    3. Lincoln effectively references God in his speech by using him as an authoritative figure to establish ethos. John Threadgill

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  36. Katelyn Hardy
    1 Author: Someone who has religious beliefs on the issue.
    Audience: Those who can be considered hypocrites, because they know what the Bible says, but still commit the offense.
    Occasion: A time of sorrow at war
    Purpose: To bring awareness to the issue of slavery and war at hand.

    2 He states that both races pray for the war to end, but white men are creating the offense of slavery, resulting in God's punishment that is war.

    3 He effectively uses references to God by stating what the bible says. When he quotes, "Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must needs be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh", he explains his point that if this is what God is meaning by the slaves, that the war is coming to those creating the offense.

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  37. Kryana Brown
    1) author: political figure, Abraham Lincoln. Audience: those who needed guidance in keeping our nation together; US citizens. Purpose: to restore the union. Occasion :the civil war.
    2) Abraham compares the North and South against each other by saying that we have the same God yet fight for different reasons.
    3) He uses it effectively because, first, referencing God is an appeal to ethos and it was used effectively because he accomplished his goal by restoring the union.
    Kryana Brown

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  38. Abby Nelson
    1. Author- President Lincoln who is a leader of America.
    Audience- The citizens of America.
    Occasion- Lincoln is addressing the issue of the civil war.
    Purpose- The purpose of this speech is to tell America that despite this war, our country needs to come together and mend itself.
    2. Lincoln uses comparison as he compares the north and south, or the Union and the Confederacy, and tells how one side mainly made the war, while the other side just had to deal with it when it happened.
    3. He effectively uses refrences to God as he says how they all are worshippers of the same God and tries to tell the citizens how this war was in God's plan for America and brings in evidence from the bible to explain why he believes this issue has occurred in the country and how they can recover from it as they are all believers of the same God.

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  39. 1. the author is the leader of the North in the Civil war, one who established the Emancipation Proclamation, the audience is the American people who still support slavery, the 13th amendment abolishing slavery was just released.; to provide insight on the issue of slavery and establish equality.
    2. He compared the slaves to the whites, saying they both worshiped the same God and read the same Bible, and therefore deserved equality.
    3. He effectively uses God because he does not turn into a "preacher" by trying to Christianize the audience, yet rather makes a point by referencing God. He simply uses God to combine blacks and whites to show the same characteristics between the races.

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  40. Talia Gordon

    1.) Author: A person who is honored to be able to be in the position a high position once again and with high hopes for the future.
       Audience: People who believe that some people are lower than them cause of the color of their skin.
        Occasion: The second  Inaugural address of president Lincoln after the civil war.
        Purpose: To tell people who believe that they are of higher status than others that everyone is equal in society

    2.) He uses comparisons to show that everyone is equal and there is no excuse for saying or thinking otherwise.

    3.) He effectively references the Bible because as in the Bible it says that everyone is equal and that is the point that he is trying to make after the Civil war.

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  41. ~Heather Williams

    1. Author: Someone of authority trying to get others to remember the hard times of the civil war.
    Audience: Those wanting to hear their new president speak about a major cause.
    Occasion: Abraham remembering the last inaugural speech being given while taking his oath.
    Purpose: To allow the people to think back to the last inaugural speech at that particular address and the tough times that followed.

    2. He compares the present to the past of the situations between the two times. He does this to show the people how change occurs without them giving it a big notice in the future.

    3. Lincoln effectively uses references to God in saying that the two races are similar in many ways so they should do the same work. He shows how there is no difference in the two so why make one race do all of the work.

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